As a highly valuable source of ephedrine, Ephedra MAJOR is well-adapted to various habitats in Iran. Over the last few decades, human’ s activity, in particular, over exploitation of its populations to extract medicinally valuable constitutes, have endangered this species. In this investigation, the level of genetic diversity and genetic structure in 16 natural populations of E. MAJOR for the very first time have been assessed utilizing molecular markers, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR ). A high level of genetic diversity was revealed among the population where Dehbar region (Khorasan Razavi province, Iran ) exhibited the highest quantity of genetic parameters (P = 67. 96%, H = 0. 365 236, I = 0. 365 ). Intra-population genetic diversity (71% ) was significantly higher than inter-population genetic diversity (29% ) and only 1% genetic diversity among-regions. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA ) and Bayesian clustering methods indicated the presence of a relatively strong population structure and to some extent in accordance with the geographical origin of populations. However, the success of UPGMA in grouping populations in congruence with their geographical location was more tangible. From the outcomes of this study, it could be asserted that, ISSR markers are EFFECTive in detecting the pattern of genetic diversity in E. MAJOR populations. On the other hand, by having reliable knowledge of the status of genetic diversity and structure of populations of this species, the first steps can be taken to protect populations with low genetic diversity, and also pave the way for breeding programs to finding and selection of superior populations.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the EFFECT of attachment style on emotion regulation with the mediating role of identity style. The research method was descriptive and structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the research was all second year high school students of Kashan city in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 500 people were selected by random cluster method. Data were collected based on three questionnaires: Gross & Jan (2003) Emotional Regulation Inventory, Identity Style Scale (6G-ISI) and Collins and Reid (1990) Attachment Style Questionnaire. The data are obtained by structural equation modeling and using Laserl 8.8 and 26 spss software. analyzed. Based on the results, secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01, avoidant attachment style at a significance level of 0.05, and ambivalent attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, secure attachment style predicted emotion regulation at a significant level of 0.01, with the mediation of identity styles. Informational identity style at a significance level of 0.01, confused identity style at a significance level of 0.05 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, only the secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 had a significant role in predicting the normative identity style. According to the results of this study, emotion regulation is one of the most important constructs of educational psychology and an important factor in determining mental health and successful performance. It is in education that the factors affecting emotion regulation and its antecedents should be identified. Planning for training and holding educational workshops in this field in schools is suggested for students.

Anatomy and morphology of leaf, stem and root of Plantago lanceolata and P. MAJOR were examined in two different altitudes by using electron and light microscopy. A comparative study of the anatomy indicated a difference between the leaf, stem and root structure includes trichomes and stomata density, cuticle and epidermal thickness, type of mesophyll, stem diameter, periderm and parenchyma thickness, vessel length and aeranchyma spaces in root. The study of altitude EFFECT on these two species indicate that altitude cause increase in trichomes and stomata density, cuticle and epidermal cells thickness, lamina thickness in leaf, also periderm thickness, parenchyma layer thickness and vessel length and root diameter increase with increase of altitude where as aeranchyma spaces in root decrease with increase of altitude.

The aim of this research is to assess the ecological needs of Ephedra MAJOR as a medicinal and forage species and important for soil and water conservation in Rangelands of Bojnourd. In the site, the studies were climatically characteristic, geology, stand type, co-dominant plant and vegetable variation, Estimating biomass, physical and chemical analyses of the soil. The results indicated that Ephedra MAJOR could be adapted for regions with semiarid-cold climate to altitude climate, annual rainfall average of 332. 9 mm and annual temperature average of 9. 82 c . Ephedra MAJOR have dispersed in north, south, east and west slope and altitude 1400-2520 m of sea level in mountainous areas. The Soils physical and chemical analyses showed that the soil is very shallow with sandy-loom texture, Ph= 7. 75, Ec= 55. 88 μ s/cm and lime. The stand type was Artemisia aucheri-Festuca ovina and the co-dominant plants were over 86 species. Average of canopy covers and density were 2. 16 and 346 shrubs in hectare respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the variables of precipitation, saturation moisture percentage, pH, potassium, calcium and sand had significant correlations with the first axis and explained the 49. 84% variation. For the second component, the percentage of organic matter and nitrogen were more important traits and explained the 27. 94% variation. Because of the high ability of the species to adapt itself with hard environmental condition such as high percentage of Caco3, and also its medical and conservation values in arid and semi-arid regions, it can be used for proper management strategies, reclamation and preservation of its habitats.

One of the important issues in the production of concrete is environmental variability that affects the concrete and elements constructed from this material. Due to the importance of different characteristics of concrete in short- and long-term conditions, this article aims to investigate the influence of initial temperature conditions of self-compacting concrete on its long-term characteristics and determine the initial optimal temperature of concrete. For these purposes, several experiments under three temperature conditions of 5, 20, and 40 degree-of-Celsius were conducted to evaluate the rheology and mechanical properties of fresh concrete in the range of 7 and 28 days. In these experiments, alternative mineral admixtures of cement such as micro-silica, fly ash, and zeolite were used to build the concrete specimens. Results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the specimens increase with increasing initial temperature in the short term, while such properties significantly decrease in the long term compared to the specimens constructed under lower initial temperature. Moreover, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete increases with increasing initial temperature.